Andronicus II , Palaeologus 1282AD Ancient Byzantine Coin i20434

Description

Item:
i20434
Authentic Ancient Coin of:
Andronicus II , Palaeologus - Byzantine Emperor: 11 December 1282 - 24 May 1328 A.D.
Bronze Trachy 20mm (0.95 grams) Thessalonica mint 1282-1328 A.D.
Reference: DOC 789-92; SB 2393; LBC 678
St. Demetrius standing facing, holding spear and shield
Andronicus standing facing, holding patriarchal cross and anexikakia; star to left.
* Numismatic Note: Rare type of Andronicus II.
You are bidding on the exact item pictured, provided with a Certificate of Authenticity and Lifetime Guarantee of Authenticity.
Andronikos II Palaiologos
(
Greek
:
Ανδρόνικος Β' Παλαιολόγος
) (
25 March
1259
,
Nicaea
–
February 13
,
1332
,
Constantinople
) — also
Andronicus II Palaeologus
— reigned as
Byzantine emperor
from 1282 to 1328. He was the eldest surviving son of
Michael VIII Palaiologos
and
Theodora Doukaina Vatatzina
, grandniece of
John III Doukas Vatatzes
. //
Andronikos II Palaiologos was acclaimed co-emperor in 1261, after his father Michael VIII recovered
Constantinople
from the
Latin Empire
, but he was crowned only in 1272. Sole emperor from 1282, Andronikos II immediately repudiated his father's unpopular Church union with the
Papacy
(which he had been forced to support while his father was still alive), but was unable to resolve the related schism within the Orthodox clergy until 1310. Andronikos II was also plagued by economic difficulties and during his reign the value of the Byzantine
hyperpyron
depreciated precipitously while the state treasury accumulated less than one seventh the revenue (in nominal coins) that it had done previously. Seeking to increase revenue and reduce expenses, Andronikos II raised taxes and reduced tax exemptions, and dismantled the Byzantine fleet (80 ships) in 1285, thereby making the Empire increasingly dependent on the rival republics of
Venice
and
Genoa
. In 1291, he hired 50-60 Genoese ships. Later, in 1320, he tried to resurrect the navy by constructing 20 galleys, but unfortunately he failed.
Andronikos II Palaiologos sought to resolve some of the problems facing the
Byzantine Empire
through diplomacy. After the death of his first wife, he married
Yolanda (renamed Eirene) of Montferrat
, putting an end to the Montferrat claim to the
Kingdom of Thessalonica
. Andronikos II also attempted to marry off his son and co-emperor
Michael IX Palaiologos
to the Latin Empress
Catherine I of Courtenay
, thus seeking to eliminate Western agitation for a restoration of the
Latin Empire
. Another marriage alliance attempted to resolve the potential conflict with
Serbia
in
Macedonia
, as Andronikos II married off his five-year old daughter
Simonis
to King
Stefan Milutin
in 1298.
In spite of the resolution of problems in
Europe
, Andronikos II was faced with the collapse of the Byzantine frontier in
Asia Minor
. After the failure of the co-emperor Michael IX to stem the Turkish advance in Asia Minor in 1300, the Byzantine government hired the
Catalan Company
of
Almogavars
(adventurers from
Aragon
and
Catalonia
) led by
Roger de Flor
to clear Byzantine Asia Minor of the enemy. In spite of some successes, the Catalans were unable to secure lasting gains. They quarreled with Michael IX, and eventually turned on their Byzantine employers after the murder of Roger de Flor in 1305, devastating
Thrace
, Macedonia, and
Thessaly
on their road to Latin Greece. There they conquered the
Duchy of Athens
and
Thebes
. The Turks continued to penetrate the Byzantine possessions, and
Prusa
fell in 1326. By the end of Andronikos II's reign, much of Bithynia was in the hands of the
Ottoman Turks
of Osman I and his son and heir
Orhan
. Also,
Karesi
conquered
Mysia
region with
Paleokastron
after 1296, Germiyan conquered
Simav
in 1328, Saruhan captured
Magnesia
in 1313 and
Aydınoğlu
captured
Symirna
in 1310.
The Empire's problems were exploited by
Theodore Svetoslav of Bulgaria
, who defeated Michael IX and conquered much of northeastern Thrace in c. 1305-1307. The conflict ended with yet another dynastic marriage, between Michael IX's daughter Theodora and the Bulgarian emperor. The dissolute behavior of Michael IX's son
Andronikos III Palaiologos
led to a rift in the family, and after Michael IX's death in 1320, Andronikos II disowned his grandson, prompting a
civil war
that raged, with interruptions, until 1328. The conflict precipitated Bulgarian involvement, and
Michael Asen III of Bulgaria
attempted to capture Andronikos II under the guise of sending him military support. In 1328 Andronikos III entered Constantinople in triumph and Andronikos II was forced to abdicate. He died as a monk in 1332.
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