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JESUS CHRIST Ancient Christian Byzantine Nicephorus III Follis1078AD Coin i48623

$ 92.4

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    Description

    Item:
    i48623
    Authentic Ancient  Coin of:
    Byzantine Empire
    Nicephorus III Botaneiates
    -  Emperor: March 24,  1078 -  April 4, 1081 A.D.
    Bronze Follis 24mm (5.51 grams) Constantinople mint: 1078-1081 A.D.
    Reference:  Sear 1888
    Three-quarter length figure of  Jesus Christ standing facing, wearing nimbus crown, pallium and colobium, and raising right hand in benediction; in left hand, book  of Gospels; in field to left, IC over large star; to right, XC over large star.
    Cross
    , with globule at each extremity; at center, circle containing star of  eight rays; in the angles, C -
    Φ / N - Δ.
    For more than a century, the production of Follis denomination Byzantine coins  had religious Christian motifs which included included  Jesus Christ, and even Virgin Mary. These coins were designed to honor Christ  and recognize the subservient role of the Byzantine emperor, with many of the  reverse inscriptions translating to "Jesus Christ King of Kings" and "May Jesus  Christ Conquer". The Follis denomination coins were the largest bronze  denomination coins issued by the Byzantine empire, and their large size, along  with the Christian motif make them a popular coin type for collectors. Read more and see examples of these coins by reading the JESUS CHRIST  Anonymous Class A-N Byzantine Follis Coins Reference.
    Click here to see all the Jesus Christ Anonymous Follis coins for sale.
    Click here to see all coins bearing Jesus Christ or related available for sale.
    You are bidding on the exact item pictured,  provided with a Certificate of Authenticity and Lifetime Guarantee of  Authenticity.
    Jesus of Nazareth
    (
    c.
    5 BC/BCE –
    c.
    30 AD/CE), also  referred to as
    Jesus Christ
    or simply
    Jesus
    , is the central figure  of
    Christianity
    . Most
    Christian denominations
    venerate him as
    God the  Son
    incarnated
    and believe that he
    rose from the dead
    after being
    crucified
    .
    The  principal sources of information regarding Jesus are the four
    canonical gospels
    , and most
    critical scholars
    find them, at least the
    Synoptic Gospels
    , useful for reconstructing Jesus’ life and  teachings. Some scholars believe apocryphal texts such as the
    Gospel of Thomas
    and the
    Gospel according to the Hebrews
    are also
    relevant
    .
    Most critical historians agree that Jesus was a
    Jew
    who was regarded as a teacher and
    healer
    , that he
    was baptized
    by
    John the Baptist
    , and
    was crucified
    in
    Jerusalem
    on the orders of the
    Roman Prefect
    Judaea
    ,
    Pontius Pilate
    , on the charge of
    sedition
    against the
    Roman Empire
    . Critical Biblical scholars and  historians have offered competing descriptions of Jesus as a self-described
    Messiah
    ,  as the leader of an apocalyptic movement, as an itinerant sage, as a charismatic  healer, and as the founder of an independent religious movement. Most  contemporary scholars of the
    Historical Jesus
    consider him to have been an independent,  charismatic founder of a Jewish restoration movement, anticipating an imminent  apocalypse. Other prominent scholars, however, contend that Jesus' "
    Kingdom  of God
    " meant radical personal and social transformation instead of a  future apocalypse.
    Christians traditionally believe that Jesus was
    born of a virgin
    :529–32
    performed
    miracles
    ,
    :358–59
    founded
    the Church
    ,
    rose from the dead
    , and
    ascended
    into
    heaven
    ,
    :616–20
    from which he
    will return
    .
    :1091–109
    Most Christian scholars today present Jesus as the awaited Messiah promised in  the
    Old Testament
    and as God, arguing that he fulfilled many Messianic  prophecies of the
    Old Testament
    . The majority of Christians  worship Jesus as the incarnation of God the Son, one of three divine persons of  a
    Almost immediately, the uprisings began. Apart from the discontent of the  Byzantine aristocracy, several
    Armenian
    princes in Asia Minor attempted to  establish their independence from the empire. Two
    Paulician
    leaders launched their own rebellion  in
    Thrace
    , in a brutal religious conflict that was  not easily suppressed. Consequently, Nikephoros became increasingly dependent on  the support of Alexios Komnenos, who successfully defeated the rebellion of
    Nikephoros Basilakes
    in the Balkans (1079) and  was charged with containing that of
    Nikephoros Melissenos
    in Anatolia (1080). The  Byzantine Empire also faced foreign invasion, as the
    Norman
    Duke
    Robert Guiscard
    of Apulia declared war under  the pretext of defending the rights of young
    Constantine Doukas
    , who had been engaged to  Robert's daughter Helena. As Alexios was entrusted with substantial armed forces  to combat the impending Norman invasion, the Doukas faction, led by the Caesar  John, conspired to overthrow Nikephoros and replace him with Alexios. Failing to  secure the support of either the
    Seljuk Turks
    or Nikephoros Melissenos (both  parties being his traditional enemies), Nikephoros III was forced to abdicate in  favour of the Komnenos dynasty, to which he was connected through the engagement  of his grandson to the daughter of Alexios's older brother Manuel. The deposed  emperor retired into the
    monastery that he had endowed
    , and died later  the same year.
    To solidify his position, on the death of his second wife Nikephoros III  sought to marry
    Eudokia Makrembolitissa
    , the mother of  Michael VII and the widow of
    Constantine X
    and Romanos IV. This plan was  undermined by the
    Caesar
    John Doukas
    , and Nikephoros instead married
    Maria of Alania
    . They married in contravention  of church canons, as Maria was still at that time, the wife of Michael VII who  had entered the monastery of Stoudios. Nevertheless, Nikephoros did not  recognize the succession rights of Maria's son Constantine Doukas, while his  plan to promote his worthless nephew Synadenos as co-emperor exposed him to the  suspicion and plots of the surviving portions of the Doukas faction at court.  Nikephoros' administration did not win him much support, as his favored  courtiers alienated much of the older court bureaucracy and failed to stop the  devaluation of the Byzantine currency.
    Reign
    In 1078 he revolted against Michael VII and his finance minister
    Nikephoritzes
    , and with the support of the
    Seljuk Turks
    who provided him with valuable  troops he marched upon
    Nicaea
    , where he proclaimed himself emperor. In  the face of another rebellious general,
    Nikephoros Bryennios
    , his election was ratified  by the aristocracy and clergy, while Michael VII abdicated and became a monk. On  March 24, 1078, Nikephoros III Botaneiates entered Constantinople in triumph and  was crowned by
    Patriarch Kosmas I of Constantinople
    . With the  help of his general
    Alexios Komnenos
    , he
    defeated
    Bryennios and other rivals, but failed  to clear the invading Turks out of
    Asia Minor
    .
    In 1067, he had been considered as a possible husband for the empress
    Eudokia Makrembolitissa
    , widowed wife of  Constantine X, but she eventually set her heart of
    Romanos IV Diogenes
    .
    [3]
    Excluded from Romanos's campaign at
    Manzikert
    , he retired to his estates in
    Anatolia
    . Eventually, under
    Michael VII Doukas
    , he became
    strategos
    of the
    Anatolic theme
    and commander of the troops in
    Asia Minor
    . Here he participated in the  shambolic acts that crippled the empire’s eastern provinces, including his  strategic retreat when
    Caesar John Doukas
    was confronting
    Norman
    mercenary rebels, resulting in the  humiliating defeat of the Byzantine army, and the capture of John Doukas.
    Nikephoros Botaneiates had served as general from the reign of
    Constantine IX
    . Drawn to politics, he had been  an active participant in the uprising that brought
    Isaac I
    to the throne in 1057,
    [2]
    including a prominent role in the
    Battle of Petroe
    . Although considered a  competent general, he had suffered a number of humiliating setbacks throughout  his career. In 1064, he, together with
    Basil Apokapes
    ,
    doux
    of
    Paradounavon
    , defended the
    Balkan
    frontiers against the invading
    Oghuz Turks
    , but was defeated and suffered the  humiliation of being taken captive. However, the outbreak of an epidemic soon  began decimating the Turks and the prisoners were recovered, while the survivors  were quickly recruited in the
    Byzantine army
    .
    Early career
    Nikephoros III Botaneiates
    , Latinized as
    Nicephorus III Botaniates
    (
    Greek
    :
    Νικηφόρος Βοτανειάτης
    , c. 1002
    [1]
    – 10 December 1081) was
    Byzantine
    emperor
    from 1078 to 1081. He belonged to a  family which claimed descent from the Byzantine
    Phokas family
    .
    Judaism
    rejects
    assertions that Jesus was the awaited  Messiah, arguing that he did not fulfill the
    Messianic prophecies
    in the
    Tanakh
    .  In
    Islam
    ,  Jesus (
    Arabic
    :
    عيسى
    ‎, commonly transliterated as
    Isa
    ) is considered one of
    God's
    important
    prophets
    , a bringer of
    scripture
    , and the product of a virgin birth;  but did not experience a crucifixion. Islam and the
    Baha'i Faith
    use the title "Messiah" for Jesus,  but do not teach that he was God incarnate.
    , wholly or partly,  believing it to be non-scriptural.
    reject Trinitarianism
    Trinity
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